Informatics Publishing Limited

E. Chandrayudu ¹, T. Murali Krishna ¹, M. John Sudheer ¹, P. Sudhakar ¹, K. Vemana ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, S.V. Agricultural College, ANGRAU, Tirupati-517502 Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Field trial was conducted in dry land Farm of S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati during two consecutive rabi seasons of 2012-13 and 2013-14, to evaluate the efficacy of botanical and microbial insecticides against tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura infesting groundnut on cultivar Kadiri-6. Among the treatments tested NPV (S. litura) @ 250 LE ha^-1 and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) sprays were significantly effective in reducing larval population, leaf damage and resulted in significant increase in haulm yields and cost benefit ratio. This was followed by Nomuraea rileyi 1.5x10¹³ spores mL^-1 and NSKE @ 5.0 percent compared to other treatments neem oil @ 2.0 mlL^-1 and Beauveria bassiana 1.5x10¹³ spores mL^-1 respectively.

Keywords

Botanicals, Bio-Pesticides, Spodoptera litura.

Full Text

   

Smita Chugh ¹, Valentina ², P. Sinha ³, B. Pandey ³, S. Tuli ⁴, P. Sudhakar ¹

Affiliations
1 Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, IN
2 National Institute of Rural Development, Hyderabad, IN
3 Jharkhand Education Project Council, Ranchi, IN
4 Centre for Applied Research in Electronics, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, IN

Abstract

Bamboo as a substitute to timber, in housing, has occupied the attention of researchers due to concerns of deforestation and the consequent impact on environment. The use of bamboo as a load distributor is well accepted in rural areas. Replacing timber with bamboo as a structural load bearing element could have far reaching consequences for rural housing. This in turn would have implications for greening wastelands and earning carbon credits. However, introduction of innovations is more than a technology issue. The paper deals with a possible approach which could entail acceptability and sustainability of the innovation. Based on field inputs from the State of Jharkhand, the study brings to light that, for better acceptance, it is preferable that minimal changes are introduced in the existing houses, only on those aspects, where constraints and limitations are felt. Thus, going in for a totally new model of innovative housing is not a preferred option. The present paper proposes a participatory approach involving awareness building, through grassischolar_mains organisation, supported with skill development to transfer the technology in the rural housing structure.

Full Text

   

Shriram K. Vasudevan ¹, P. Prakash ¹, P. Sudhakar ², Srivathsan Srinivasan ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham (University), Coimbatore - 641112, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Information Technology, M. Kumarasamy College of Engineering, Karur - 639113, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Background Objectives: Data transmission over a communication channel, should provide important facilities to be added, including data framing, error checking and to manage the channel. Methods/Stastical Analysis: This is a complete review paper and theoretically we intend to explain the basics of SONET / SDH, Architecture, Bit rates, Netowork configurations etc. All these are standardised and approved by ANSI. Conclusion: One would get to know what Synchronous Optical Network / Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SONET/SDH) is all about and how exactly are they used through this paper. Also, the merits and de-merits are completely analysed.

Keywords

Network Elements, Network Configuration, Optic Fiber, PDH, SDH, SONET, Versions of Network Cable

Full Text

   

P. Sundaram ¹, P. Sudhakar ¹, R. Yogeshwaran ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai - 603203, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objective: This paper presents a comparative study on the mathematical modeling of the drying characteristics of wheat grains and to estimate the suitable mathematical model of the drying behavior of the wheat at different operating parameters. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The drying experiments were performed in cylindrical fluidized bed dryer. Drying experiments were carried out with different operating parameters such as inlet air temperature (55, 60 and 65°C), air velocity (2.2, 2.4 and 2.6 m/sec) and initial moisture content of wheat (27.5, 30 and 32.5%) of total solid weight. Findings: The result of moisture content observed for various drying air temperature, velocity, and initial moisture content converted to the moisture ratio countenance with drying time at a corresponding time during their drying process. Thirteen mathematical models are compared based on their correlation coefficients, ischolar_mainmean square error, mean bias error and reduced -square to estimate the drying curves with the help of the experimental data. Among different model considered, the logarithmic model presented a better agreement with the data attained from the experiments. Application/ Improvements: It is used for agricultural and pharmaceutical drying process.

Keywords

Drying, Fluidized Bed Dryer, Moisture Ratio, Mathematical Model, Wheat.

Full Text

   

S. Vijay Ananth ¹, P. Sudhakar ²

Affiliations
1 PRIST University, Thanjavur – 613403, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar – 608002, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objective: Security of hidden data and the quality of the Stego image still is a challenge. This proposed research design implements Barcode encoder based steganography method that uses thermal images as cover image instead of often used colour images. Methods / Analysis: The data or text to be hidden is first encoded into equivalent barcode image. After the encoding process, the barcode image which has the original data is watermarked over a thermal image using improved Least Significant Bit (LSB) substitution process and generates distortion less Stego image. In reverse, De-Watermarking extracts and decodes the bar-coded data image from the Stego image to recover the original data. Findings: Use of both the barcode encoder for Cryptography and Thermal image for Steganography provides more security for the hidden data. Experimental outcomes of this research provide high performance on data security with improved PSNR and MSE. Application: Implementation of Thermal Image steganography can be utilised in Video data hiding with high data rate, thermal image to colour image conversion and temperature monitoring of power transformers.

Keywords

Cryptography, Barcode Encoder, LSB, Steganography, Stego Image, PSNR, MSE

Full Text

   

Cijo John ¹, Mohd. Idris ¹, P. Sudhakar ¹, Priyankar Ghosh ¹, K. M. Varshney ¹, S. K. Shukla ²

Affiliations
1 Central Forensic Science Laboratory, Govt. of India, Hyderabad - 500 013, IN
2 Central Forensic Science Laboratory, Govt. of India, Chandigarh - 160 036, IN

Abstract

Clonazepam, a nitrobenzodiazepine and a scheduled drug is one of the highly abused drugs in recent times. An analytical methodology was developed for the detection and quantitation of clonazepam in chocolate sample. The method involves the extraction of the chocolate sample by solvent extraction with chloroform under basic conditions (pH: 8-9). The extract was used for the GC-MS analysis in SIM and full scan modes for the detection of the analyte present. For quantification, the extract was re-dissolved in the mobile phase, Acetonitrile: 40mM potassium di hydrogen-phosphate (6:4,v/v), pH adjusted to 3.9. The separation was achieved on a Phenomenex Gemini C18 HPLC reversed-phase column (150mmx4.6mmx5μ) with the mobile phase and diode array detection with UV range 200-370 nm. The calibration plot for the determination of clonazepam is based on linear regression analysis (y=51.405x + 84.924; r²=0.9989). The limit of detection of clonazepam was estimated as 0.1μg/ml with a signal-to-noise ratio of 3:1 and limit of quantitation of clonazepam was estimated as 0.35μg/ml with a signal-to-noise ratio of 10:1. The clonazepam detected in the chocolate was found to be 0.0763μg/mg of the chocolate. The precision studies given a % RSD range of 0.28-3.9 % with respect to peak area and 0.51-1.03 % with respect to retention time. The method is robust, specific and reliable for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of clonazepam in chocolate and the law enforcement laboratories can utilise the method for routine analysis.

Keywords

Clonazepam, Drug Abuse, Chocolate, GC-MS, HPLC.

Full Text

     

P. Sudhakar ¹, P. Ramachandra Reddy ¹

Affiliations
1 Plant Anatomy and Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Botany, Osmania University, Hyderabad – 500 007., IN

Abstract

Gardenia gummifera L.f. is a shrub belonging to the family Rubiaceae. The leaves are used in the treatment of ringworms, malaria. The present paper provides a detailed account of the pharmacognostical studies. The study includes macro and micro morphological characters including powder characteristics, organoleptic characters, HPTLC finger printing and preliminary phyto-chemical aspects. This study would help as an appropriate source for authentification of the present studied drug.

Keywords

Gardenia gummifera L.F., Rubiaceae, Pharmacognosy, Phyto-Chemical, HPTLC Finger Printing.

Full Text